Adaptive or Absent: A Critical Review of Building System Resilience in the LEED Rating System

Since people living in developed nations across Europe, North America, and Australia spend most of their lives indoors, protecting indoor environmental quality is critical for human health. As stressors such as COVID-19 climate change further complicate conditions, conflicting system priorities underscore the need resilience all building systems. In engineering architectural fields, sustainability rating frameworks are used to note, reward, motivate use sustainable practices. such, it crucial ensure that these genuinely encourage This paper conducts a review Leadership Energy Environmental Design–Building Design Construction (LEED BD+C v4.1) framework New through credit-level analysis, determine extent which encourages systems beyond scope structure. Researchers identified, tabulated, deconstructed relevant credits according four key factors: diversity, efficiency, adaptability, cohesion. Findings indicated that, while efficiency well supported, cohesion can be enhanced. The existing provides strong base upon improvements made, but falls short adequately encouraging wide adoption needed long-term sustainability. short, LEED do reward resilient designs, they not yet actively inspire them.